Week 3

Week 3

Week3

Presentation & Introduction to Computer

         

Good day today, I am glad to express on what I understand to the lesson that I have learned during this week. This week we also present about task2 which focus on problems information management (IM) and its solution. here are my group members

•   HIM SREYMOM

•  SMAN TAIROS

•   FARHAN SANI BIN SAFIYUDDIN                     

•  MOHD FUAD BIN MOHAMAD PUZI                 

•  HANIF BIN KAMARUDDIN

problems:

o   Poor quality information, including lack of consistency, duplication and out of date information,

o   Data Security - Losing IP when employees leave the company

o   Users spending up to 20% of their time ‘looking’ for information

Solutions:

•   Provide a consistent user interface that sits across all systems and is integrated with back end systems and Business Intelligence tools

• Allow users to access timely information from an aggregated view of data across multiple systems

• Establishment and adoption of M governance guidelines

During this we learned about getting to know computer, evolution, and type of computers.

      I.            What Is a Computer?

 Computer is an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form according to instructions given to it in a variable program. It is a calculating machine.

          Computer Operations

          A basic computer consists of 4 components:

Ø  Input:  It is the process of capturing or acquiring the information, or it is the process of accepting data or information, by using input the computer can do any process.

Ø  Process: It is the transformation process to convert the input into output.

Ø  Output: It is the result, which comes from the transformation process or it is the outcome of the process. 

Ø  Storing: It is the process of storing or retaining the data or information or instructions, so that the user can retain and retrieve it whenever required.

Evolution of computers 
The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generations of computing devices. Each of the 5 generation of computers is characterized by a major technological development that fundamentally changed the way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller, cheaper, and more powerful, and more efficient and reliable devices.

1)           First Generation (1940-1956) Vacuum Tubes

·      The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.

·      The UNIVAC & ENIAC computers are examples of first-generation computing devices. The UNIVAC was the first commercial computer delivered to a business client, the U.S. Census Bureau in 1951.

2)           Second Generation (1956-1963) Transistors

·      Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in the second generation of computers. The transistor was invented in 1947 but did not see widespread use in computers until the late 1950s.

·      High-level programming languages were also being developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL and FORTRAN. These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.

·      The most powerful computer: IBM 1401

3)           Third Generation (1964-1971) Integrated Circuits

·        Integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers.

4)            Fourth Generation (1971-Present) Microprocessors

·        The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. What in the first generation filled an entire room could now fit in the palm of the hand. The Intel 4004 chip, developed in 1971, located all the components of the computer—from the central processing unit and memory to input/output controls—on a single chip.

5)           Fifth Generation (Present and Beyond) Artificial Intelligence

·         Fifth generation computing devices, based on artificial intelligence, are still in development, though there are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.

III.            Categories of computers

Categorize based on size, capability and price.

1.      Embedded computers
 A mini-computer embedded into a specific product for a specific function.
 Any electronic systems that use a computer chip but that are not a general-purpose workstation, and desktop or laptop computer.

2.       Mobile devices/ computers

Mobile computer is a small computer that is fit on your hand, portable and the capability of internet.

3.      Personal computers

A small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. In price, personal computers range anywhere from a few hundred dollars to thousands of dollars. All are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Businesses use personal computers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spreadsheet and database management applications.

4.      Midrange servers
In general, midrange refers to computers that

are more powerful and capable than personal

computers but less powerful and capable than

mainframe computers.

(Computer power is sometimes measured in

terms of millions-of-instructions-per-second

- MIPS. Capability includes, for example,

how many devices can be connected to

and interact with the computer at the same time.)

The computer industry does not define exactly

what characteristics constitute "midrange.

5.      Mainframes 

__ Able to process large amount of data at very high speed
_ Supports multi-user facility 
__ Number of processors varies from one to six. 
__ Supports many I/O and auxiliary storage devices
_Supports network of terminals

6.      supercomputers

 Most powerful Computer system - needs a large room

Able to handle large amount of data

 High power consumption

High precision